USB 4 Kev Taw Qhia
USB4 yog lub kaw lus USB uas tau teev tseg hauv cov lus qhia USB4. Lub Rooj Sab Laj Tsim Kho USB tau tso tawm nws cov version 1.0 rau lub Yim Hli 29, 2019. Lub npe tag nrho ntawm USB4 yog Universal Serial Bus Generation 4. Nws yog raws li cov thev naus laus zis xa cov ntaub ntawv "Thunderbolt 3" uas tau tsim los ntawm Intel thiab Apple. Qhov ceev xa cov ntaub ntawv ntawm USB4 tuaj yeem ncav cuag txog 40 Gbps, uas yog ob npaug ntawm qhov ceev ntawm USB 3.2 tshiab tshaj plaws (Gen2 × 2).
Tsis zoo li cov qauv USB protocol yav dhau los, USB4 xav tau lub qhov txuas USB-C thiab xav tau kev txhawb nqa ntawm USB PD rau kev muab hluav taws xob. Piv nrog USB 3.2, nws tso cai rau kev tsim cov DisplayPort thiab PCI Express tunnels. Cov qauv no txhais tau tias yog ib txoj hauv kev rau kev sib koom ua ke ib qho kev sib txuas ceev ceev nrog ntau hom khoom siv davhlau ya nyob twg, uas tuaj yeem ua tau zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm hom thiab daim ntawv thov. Cov khoom USB4 yuav tsum txhawb nqa qhov throughput ntawm 20 Gbit / s thiab tuaj yeem txhawb nqa qhov throughput ntawm 40 Gbit / s. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog qhov kev xa mus rau qhov tunnel, thaum xa cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, txawm tias cov ntaub ntawv raug xa mus ntawm tus nqi ntawm 20 Gbit / s, qhov tseeb ntawm kev xa cov ntaub ntawv yuav siab dua li ntawm USB 3.2 (USB 3.1 Gen 2).
USB4 muab faib ua ob hom: 20Gbps thiab 40Gbps. Cov khoom siv uas muaj USB4 interface muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam yuav muab qhov ceev 40Gbps ntawm Thunderbolt 3 lossis qhov luv dua ntawm 20Gbps. Yog tias koj xav yuav lub cuab yeej uas muaj qhov ceev tshaj plaws, uas yog, 40Gbps, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los xyuas cov lus qhia ua ntej yuav. Rau cov xwm txheej uas xav tau kev xa xov ceev ceev, kev xaiv USB 3.1 C TO C tsim nyog yog qhov tseem ceeb vim nws yog tus neeg nqa khoom tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav tus nqi 40Gbps.
Muaj ntau tus neeg tsis meej pem txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm USB4 thiab Thunderbolt 4. Qhov tseeb, ob qho tib si Thunderbolt 4 thiab USB4 yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab ntawm Thunderbolt 3. Lawv sib pab ua ke thiab sib xws. Cov interfaces yog txhua yam Hom-C, thiab qhov ceev tshaj plaws yog 40 Gbps rau ob qho tib si.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, USB4 Cable uas peb hais txog yog tus qauv xa ntawm USB, uas yog cov lus qhia txog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm USB kis. USB4 tuaj yeem nkag siab tias yog "tiam plaub" ntawm cov lus qhia no.
Cov txheej txheem xa xov USB tau sib koom ua ke thiab tsim los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab suav nrog Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, thiab Nortel hauv xyoo 1994. Nws tau tso tawm ua USB V0.7 version rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 11, 1994. Tom qab ntawd, cov tuam txhab no tau tsim ib lub koom haum tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los txhawb thiab txhawb nqa USB hauv xyoo 1995, hu ua USB Implementers Forum, uas yog USB-IF paub zoo, thiab USB-IF tam sim no yog lub koom haum USB standardization.
Xyoo 1996, USB-IF tau tshaj tawm cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm USB1.0. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi xa ntawm USB1.0 tsuas yog 1.5 Mbps, qhov tso zis siab tshaj plaws yog 5V / 500mA, thiab thaum ntawd, muaj ob peb lub cuab yeej peripheral uas txhawb nqa USB, yog li cov tuam txhab tsim motherboard tsis tshua tsim cov interfaces USB ncaj qha rau ntawm motherboard.
▲USB 1.0
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1998, USB-IF tau tso tawm cov lus qhia USB 1.1. Lub sijhawm no, tus nqi xa tau nce mus txog 12 Mbps, thiab qee cov ntsiab lus kev siv hauv USB 1.0 tau kho. Qhov tso zis siab tshaj plaws tseem yog 5V / 500mA.
Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj xyoo 2000, tus qauv USB 2.0 tau qhia tawm, nrog rau qhov kis tau tus nqi ntawm 480 Mbps, uas yog 60MB / s. Nws yog 40 npaug ntawm USB 1.1. Qhov tso zis siab tshaj plaws yog 5V / 500mA, thiab nws siv 4-pin tsim. USB 2.0 tseem siv tau txog niaj hnub no thiab tuaj yeem hais tias yog tus qauv USB ntev tshaj plaws.
Txij li USB 2.0, USB-IF tau ua pov thawj lawv "lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb" hauv kev hloov lub npe.
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 2003, USB-IF tau hloov lub npe ntawm cov lus qhia thiab cov qauv ntawm USB, hloov USB 1.0 mus rau USB 2.0 Low-Speed version, USB 1.1 mus rau USB 2.0 Full-Speed version, thiab USB 2.0 mus rau USB 2.0 High-Speed version.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev hloov pauv no tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov xwm txheej tam sim no thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, vim tias USB 1.0 thiab 1.1 yeej tau tawm ntawm theem keeb kwm lawm.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2008, Pawg Txhawb Nqa USB 3.0, uas muaj cov tuam txhab loj hauv kev lag luam xws li Intel, Microsoft, HP, Texas Instruments, NEC, thiab ST-NXP, tau ua tiav tus qauv USB 3.0 thiab tshaj tawm rau pej xeem. Lub npe raug cai yog "SuperSpeed". Pawg Txhawb Nqa USB yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev tsim thiab tsim cov qauv USB series, thiab cov qauv yuav raug xa mus rau USB-IF rau kev tswj hwm.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm USB 3.0 kis tau tus nqi ncav cuag 5.0 Gbps, uas yog 640MB / s. Qhov tso zis siab tshaj plaws tam sim no yog 5V / 900mA. Nws yog sib xws nrog 2.0 thiab txhawb nqa kev xa cov ntaub ntawv puv-duplex (piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem txais thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv tib lub sijhawm, thaum USB 2.0 yog ib nrab-duplex), nrog rau muaj peev xwm tswj hwm lub zog zoo dua thiab lwm yam ntxwv.
USB 3.0 siv tus qauv tsim 9-pin. 4 lub pins thawj zaug zoo ib yam li USB 2.0, thaum 5 lub pins seem yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau USB 3.0. Yog li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb nws yog USB 2.0 lossis USB 3.0 los ntawm cov pins.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2013, USB 3.1 tau tso tawm, nrog rau qhov ceev ntawm 10 Gbps (1280 MB/s), thov tias yog SuperSpeed+, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub zog fais fab tau nce mus txog 20V/5A, uas yog 100W.
Qhov kev hloov kho dua tshiab ntawm USB 3.1 piv rau USB 3.0 kuj pom tseeb heev. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, USB-IF tau hloov lub npe USB 3.0 ua USB 3.1 Gen1, thiab USB 3.1 ua USB 3.1 Gen2.
Qhov kev hloov lub npe no ua rau muaj teeb meem rau cov neeg siv khoom vim tias ntau tus tub luam tsis muaj kev ntseeg tsuas yog cim cov khoom uas txhawb nqa USB 3.1 hauv lub ntim khoom yam tsis tau qhia tias nws yog Gen1 lossis Gen2. Qhov tseeb, qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev xa xov ntawm ob qho no txawv heev, thiab cov neeg siv khoom yuav poob rau hauv qhov ntxiab. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev hloov lub npe no yog qhov kev txav tsis zoo rau feem ntau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2017, USB 3.2 tau tso tawm. Hauv qab USB Hom-C, nws txhawb nqa ob txoj kab 10 Gbps rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv, nrog rau qhov ceev txog li 20 Gb / s (2500 MB / s), thiab qhov tso zis siab tshaj plaws tseem yog 20V / 5A. Lwm yam muaj kev txhim kho me ntsis.
▲Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov lub npe USB
Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 2019, USB-IF tau hloov lub npe tshiab. Lawv tau hloov lub npe USB 3.1 Gen1 (uas yog USB 3.0 thawj) ua USB 3.2 Gen1, USB 3.1 Gen2 (uas yog USB 3.1 thawj) ua USB 3.2 Gen2, thiab USB 3.2 ua USB 3.2 Gen 2×2.
Tam Sim No thiab Yav Tom Ntej: Kev Dhia Mus Tom Ntej ntawm USB4
Tam sim no peb tau mus txog USB4, cia peb saib cov kev hloov kho tshiab thiab kev txhim kho ntawm tus qauv protocol tshiab no. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, vim nws yog kev hloov kho ntau tiam neeg los ntawm "3" mus rau "4", qhov kev txhim kho yuav tsum tseem ceeb heev.
Raws li tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv peb tau sau los, cov yam ntxwv tshiab ntawm USB4 tau muab sau ua ke raws li nram no:
1. Qhov ceev tshaj plaws ntawm kev xa xov ntawm 40 Gbps:
Los ntawm kev xa xov ob txoj kev, qhov ceev tshaj plaws ntawm USB4 yuav tsum ncav cuag 40 Gbps, uas zoo ib yam li Thunderbolt 3 (hu ua "Thunderbolt 3" hauv qab no).
Qhov tseeb, USB4 yuav muaj peb qhov ceev xa mus: 10 Gbps, 20 Gbps, thiab 40 Gbps. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj xav yuav lub cuab yeej uas muaj qhov ceev xa mus siab tshaj plaws, uas yog, 40 Gbps, koj yuav tsum xyuas cov lus qhia ua ntej yuav.
2. Sib xws nrog Thunderbolt 3 interfaces:
Qee cov (tsis yog txhua yam) USB4 cov khoom siv kuj tseem tuaj yeem sib xws nrog Thunderbolt 3 interfaces. Uas yog hais tias, yog tias koj lub cuab yeej muaj USB4 interface, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem txuas lub cuab yeej Thunderbolt 3 sab nraud. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Seb nws puas sib xws lossis tsis nyob ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom siv.
3. Muaj peev xwm faib cov peev txheej bandwidth dynamic:
Yog tias koj siv lub qhov (port) USB4 thaum koj siv nws los txuas lub zaub thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv, lub qhov (port) yuav faib cov bandwidth raws li qhov xwm txheej. Piv txwv li, yog tias daim vis dis aus tsuas yog xav tau 20% ntawm cov bandwidth los tsav lub zaub 1080p, ces 80% ntawm cov bandwidth seem tuaj yeem siv rau lwm yam haujlwm. Qhov no tsis ua tau hauv USB 3.2 thiab cov sijhawm dhau los. Ua ntej ntawd, hom ua haujlwm ntawm USB yog hloov pauv.
4. Cov khoom siv USB4 yuav txhawb nqa USB PD
USB PD yog USB Power Delivery (USB power transmission), uas yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem them ceev ceev tam sim no. Nws kuj tau tsim los ntawm lub koom haum USB-IF. Cov lus qhia no tuaj yeem ua tiav cov hluav taws xob thiab cov hluav taws xob siab dua, nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev xa hluav taws xob mus txog 100W, thiab kev taw qhia ntawm kev xa hluav taws xob tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau yooj yim.
Raws li cov cai ntawm USB-IF, daim ntawv txheem ntawm USB PD them interface tam sim no yuav tsum yog USB Hom-C. Hauv USB Hom-C interface, muaj ob lub pins, CC1 thiab CC2, uas yog siv rau PD kev sib txuas lus teeb tsa channel.
5. Tsuas yog siv tau USB Type-C interface xwb
Nrog rau qhov feature saum toj no, nws yog ib qho ntuj uas peb kuj tuaj yeem paub tias USB4 tsuas yog ua haujlwm tau los ntawm USB Type-C connectors. Qhov tseeb, tsis yog tsuas yog USB PD xwb, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lwm cov qauv tshiab ntawm USB-IF, nws tsuas yog siv tau rau Type-C.
6. Muaj peev xwm sib xws nrog cov txheej txheem yav dhau los
USB4 siv tau ua ke nrog USB 3 thiab USB 2 li thiab cov chaw nres nkoj. Uas yog hais tias, nws tuaj yeem sib xws nrog cov qauv protocol yav dhau los. Txawm li cas los xij, USB 1.0 thiab 1.1 tsis tau txais kev txhawb nqa. Tam sim no, cov interfaces siv cov protocol no yuav luag ploj ntawm kev ua lag luam.
Tau kawg, thaum txuas lub cuab yeej USB4 rau lub qhov chaw nres nkoj USB 3.2, nws tsis tuaj yeem xa mus rau qhov ceev ntawm 40 Gbps. Thiab lub interface USB 2 qub yuav tsis nrawm dua vim nws txuas nrog lub interface USB4.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Xya Hli-21-2025
